TPR (Totally Physical Response)

TPR (Totally Physical Response)

Language is a key determinant to success and have a central role, especially in the development of intellectual, social, and emotional person and in the study of all fields of study. Language is expected to help a person in this case I am talking about is the learners to know themselves, their culture and the culture of others, express ideas and feelings, participate in the community who use the language, finding and using analytical skills and imaginative in him.

There are several commonly used methods a teacher or instructor in improving learners' ability to learn as the method of discussion, lecture, Inquiry and others. I would like to introduce one of the methods the method of TPR (Total Physical Response) as one of the presentation techniques in teaching, especially in learning a foreign language, be it English, Japanese, French, and others. The learning method is a science that talked about ways to deliver learning materials, thus controlled by learners in other words science teachers teach and students learn.

1. Definition TPR (Total Physical Response)

 According to Richards J in his book Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, TPR is defined:

"A language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it Attempts to teach language through physical (motor) activity ".
So the method of TPR (Total Physical Response) is a method of learning a language that is compiled on the coordination of command (command), speech (speech) and motion (action); and trying to teach language through physical activity (motor).
Meanwhile, according to Larsen and Diane in Technique and Principles in Language Teaching, TPR also called "the comprehension approach" or approach which is a method of understanding a foreign language approach to instruction or command.
This method was developed by a professor of psychology at the University of San Jose California named Professor. Dr.. James J. Asher who has been successful in the development of this method in foreign language learning in children. He found a direct pronunciation in children or students contains a command, and then the child or student will respond to physical before they start to produce a verbal response or utterance.

TPR method is very simple and lightweight in terms of language use and also contains elements of movement so that the game can relieve stress on the students because of the problems encountered in their learning, especially when learning a foreign language, and can also create a positive mood on the learner which can facilitate learning so as to improve students' motivation and achievement in these subjects. Meaning or meanings of the target language studied for action.
Teacher or instructor has an active and direct role in implementing the TPR method. According to Asher "The instructor is the director of a stage play in the which the students are the actors", which means that the teacher (instructor) is directing the show and the story in which the students as actors or characters. Teachers who decide about what is to be studied, who played and displays the subject matter.
Students in TPR has the lead role as a listener and doer. Students listen attentively and respond physically to commands given the teacher either individually or in groups.

2. Form rated TPR method in PBM (Teaching and Learning).

 In the learning process using TPR method is a lot of activity that can be done by teachers and students, among others:

a.       Latihan by using the command (Imperative Drill), is the main activity of the teachers in the classes of the TPR. Exercise is useful for obtaining physical movement and activities of students.

b.      Dialog or conversation (conversational dialogue).

c.       Role Play, can be focused on daily activities such as school, restaurants, markets, etc.

d.      Presentasion with OHP or LCD

e.       Reading and writing to increase vocabularies and also trained on sentence structure based on tenses and so on.